مقطع: دکتری تخصصی (PhD)                          سال: 1402

رشته: معماری – معماری فضاهای آموزشی و فرهنگی

پدیدآور: عرفان حیدری استاد راهنما:  محمودرضا ثقفی

دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی

کیفیتِ پایینِ فضاهایِ آموزشی با کمبود و عدمِ هدفمندیِ پژوهش‌ها در این حوزه ارتباط مستقیم دارد. در دو دهه‌یِ اخیر، تا حد زیادی خلأ تحقیقاتِ هدفمند در حوزه‌ی محیط‌هایِ یادگیری مرتفع گردید؛ اما هنوز هم شکافِ نپرداختن یا کم پرداختن به برخی مبانی -از جمله ارتباطِ موثرِ فضا با فن‌آموزه- در ادبیات این حوزه محسوس است. آمار ارائه شده پیرامونِ کاربستِ الگوهای نوین در ساختارِ مدارس نشان می‌دهد که حتی در کشورهای توسعه‌یافته هم کمتر از پنجاه درصد مدارس واجدِ الگوهای نوین هستند و هنوز هم الگویِ غالب در همه‌یِ دنیا، همان الگوی مدارس متداول است. پس، پرداختن به موضوع مدارسِ نوآور با توجه به قابلیت‌هایی که برای بهبود کیفیت یادگیری -متاثر از تعامل فضا با فن‌آموزه و تجهیزات- به‌همراه دارد، الزام‌آور می‌باشد. تدوینِ چارچوبی مفهومی مبتنی چیدگان فضایی-آموزشیِ عدالت‌محور در جغرافیای مدارسِ نوآور به‌عنوانِ شکاف کلی دانش معرفی می شود. وجه اصلیِ ضرورتِ انجام پژوهش به ارائه مدلی نوین برای اصلاح الگوی معماری مدارس اختصاص دارد. این الگو در تعامل با روش‌های آموزش نوین، امکانی برای ارتقا چابکی فراگیران در محیط مدرسه خواهد بود که با توجه به چشم انداز نوماتریالیسم‌گرا، این امکان در سیر به ارتقا سطح عدالت در دو بعد عدالت فضایی و آموزشی در ارتباط با جغرافیای مدرسه قرار خواهد داشت. راهبردِ این پژوهش استفهامی است. اهمیت این موضوع در کشور با توجه به کیفیتِ پایین مدارس از منظر موقعیت‌هایِ یادگیریِ متناسب با نیازِ امروز، فناوریِ روزآمد و فن‌آموزه‌های نوین، ازجمله عواملی هستند که در صورت تبیینِ مبانی معماری مدارس نوآور و کاربستِ این سیستم در نظامِ آموزشی کشور، می‌توان به اصلاحِ عملکردیِ آن‌ها نیز امیدوار بود. لازم به تاکید است که در ادبیاتِ حوزه‌یِ معماری مدارس ایران، الگویِ مدارس نوآور کاملاً ناشناخته است و نیاز به تبیین دارد . همچنین کمتر به ارتباط موثر فضا-فن‌آموزه برای شکل دادن به الگوی مدارس پرداخته شده است. اهدافِ پژوهش: تکوینِ چارچوبی مفهومی از خوانش روابطِ اثرگذارِ عدالت فضایی بر چیدگان‌هایِ فضایی-آموزشیِ جغرافیای مدارس نوآور مبتنی بر چشم‌انداز نوماتریالیسم قلمروزدایی/بازسازیِ مبانیِ معماری مدارس نوآور، به‌تاسی از تبیین روابطِ سه حوزه‌ی عدالت، فضا و آموزش تبیینِ ابعادِ عمکردیِ عدالتِ فضایی در ارتباط با مبانی فرایندِ فضاشدگیِ جغرافیای مدارس نوآور، به‌جهتِ تشکیلِ انتظامات نوینِ فضایی-هنجاری در موقعیتهای یادگیری تبیینِ قابلیت‌هایِ فضایی‌سازی جغرافیایِ مدارس نوآور به‌مثابه چیدگانی از موقعیت‌هایِ یادگیری، در بهبود سطحِ اختیارمندی فراگیران در جریانِ فعالیت‌هایِ یادگیری پرسشِ‌های پژوهش: بنابر چشم‌اندازِ نوماتریالیسم، چارچوب مفهومی چیدگان فضایی-آموزشیِ عدالت‌محور در جغرافیایِ مدارس نوآور چیست؟ مبانیِ معماریِ مدارس نوآور در ارتباطِ با دو بُعدِ «عدالت» و «چیدگانِ فضایی-آموزشی» واجد چه اصلاحات و بازنگری‌هایی می‌گردد؟ عدالتِ فضایی چه ارتباطی با فرایندِ فضاشدگیِ جغرافیایِ مدرسه نوآور دارد؟ تعریفِ مدرسه به‌مثابه چیدگانی از موقعیت‌های یادگیری چه قابلیت‌هایی برای توسعه‌یِ فعالیت‌هایِ متنوع یادگیری فراهم می‌آورد؟‌ روش انجام پژوهش در دو بخش نظری و نیمه تجربی مبتنی بر روش نظریه زمینه‌ای و طراحی و تحلیل فعالیت محور به انجام می‌رسد. نتایجِ این پژوهش در وجه شناختیِ موضوع، با توجه به تغییر در تعریفِ مدرسه -به‌عنوان چیدگانی از موقعیت‌های یادگیری- و پرداختن به مفاهیمِ متمایزی همچون پازنی ، انسجام قلمرویی ، رابطه‌مندی، جنسیت و اقلیت‌شدگی در ارتباطِ با وجه عدالت، اهمیت دارد. توجه به بُعدِ عدالتْ در اکثر موارد، محدود به حیطه‌ی نظری عدالتِ رویه‌ای/توزیعی گردیده؛ و متاسفانه به عواملِ تحقق‌سازِ حقیقتِ عدالت توجه خاصی صورت نگرفته است. این پژوهش اساساً در پیِ معرفیِ یک ساختارِ معرفتی با چارچوبی نظری برای توسعه‌یِ الگویِ نوینی از محیط‌هایِ یادگیریِ نوآور -به ویژه مدارس- با دیدگاهی جهانی است؛ که در تبیین مبانیِ معماری مدارس نوآور به‌جهتِ ارتقا قابلیت‌هایِ فضایی-آموزشی -به‌طور خاص در حیطه‌یِ تعریفِ الگوی مدارس نوآور- کاربرد دارد. همچنین در تغییرِ تعریفِ جغرافیای مدرسه بنابر مبانیِ عدالتِ فضایی، توجه به تفاوت‌ها، توسعه‌یِ تحرک‌پذیری، چابکی و سیالیتِ موقعیت‌هایِ یادگیری، ادبیات موضوع را توسعه خواهد داد.

مدارس نوآور / Innovative learning environment , چیدگان فضا-آموزش / Socio-spatial assemblage , نوماتریالسم / New materialism , عدالت فضایی / spatial justice , مبانی معماری مدرسه / Theories of school architecture , موقعیت یادگیری / Learning situation , فعالیت‌های یادگیری / learning activities ,

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