نویسنده: پوردانش، سعید* ؛ شهرآیینی، سیدمصطفی ؛
چکیده: در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮآﻧﯿﻢ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﯿﻮم ﺑﺮای ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪای ﺑﭙﺮدازﯾﻢ ﮐﻪ در ﮐﺘﺎب رﺳﺎﻟﻪ در ﺑﺎب ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ اﻧﺴﺎن ﺷﺎﻫﺪ آﻧﯿﻢ؛ ﻫﯿﻮم در اﯾﻦ ﮐﺘﺎب از ﺳﻮﯾﯽ، ﺑﺎ اﻧﺘﻘﺎد ﺷﺪﯾﺪ از ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺎت ﻣﺪاﻓﻊ »ﺧﻮدﻣﺪاراﻧﮕﺎری« در اﺧـﻼق، ﺑـﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ »دﯾﮕﺮدوﺳﺘﯽ« ﺷﺮط ﺗﺤﻘﻖ اﺧﻼق اﺳﺖ و وﺟﻮد اﺧﻼق را اﻣﮑﺎنﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﻣﯽﺳﺎزد، و از دﯾﮕﺮ ﺳﻮ، اﻇﻬـﺎر ﻣﯽدارد ﮐﻪ ﭘﺎرهای ﻓﻀﺎﺋﻞ اﺧﻼﻗﯽ )ﻓﻀـﺎﺋﻞ ﺻـﻨﺎﻋﯽ ( ﻫﻤﭽـﻮن ﻋـﺪاﻟﺖ، از ﻫﻤـﺎن آﻏـﺎز ﭘﯿـﺪاﯾﺶ ﺷـﺎن از ﺳـﺮ ﺧﻮددوﺳﺘﯽ و ﺑﻪ اﻧﮕﯿﺰه ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﺎﻟﮑﯿﺖ ﺷﺨﺼﯽ ﭘﺪﯾﺪ آﻣﺪه و ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻪﻣﺮور زﻣﺎن اﺳـﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﻧـﺎم ﻓﻀـﯿﻠﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﺧـﻮد ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪاﻧﺪ. در ﻣﻘﺎﻟﮥ ﭘﯿﺶرو ﻣﯽﺧﻮاﻫﯿﻢ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﯿﻢ ﮐﻪ ﻫﯿﻮم ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ در رﺳﺎﻟﻪ در ﺑـﺎب ﻃﺒﯿﻌـﺖ اﻧﺴـﺎن و ﻫـﻢ در ﮐﺘﺎب اﺧﻼﻗﯽ دﯾﮕﺮش، ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﮐﺎوش در ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ اﺧﻼق، ﺑﺎ دو رواﯾﺖ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﻣﯽﮐﻮﺷﺪ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ دو رای ﺑﺎ ﯾﮏدﯾﮕﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞﺟﻤﻊاﻧﺪ. در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ، ﺑﯿﺎن ﺧﻮاﻫﯿﻢ ﻧﻤﻮد ﮐﻪ ﮐﺪامﯾﮏ از اﯾﻦ دو رواﯾﺖ ﻣﻨﺴـﺠﻢ ﺗـﺮ و ﺑـﺎ اﺻـﻮل و ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ اﺧﻼق وی ﺳﺎزﮔﺎرﺗﺮ اﺳﺖ.
منبع: شناخت پاییز و زمستان 1395 – شماره 75 رتبه: علمی-پژوهشی/ISC (24 صفحه – از 7 تا 30 )
Examination of Moral Value of justice in Hume`s View
Author: Saeed, Por-Dansh*; Seyed Mustafa, Shahraeeni;
Abstract: In this article, it is intended to examine Hume`s endeavor for response to problem that is seen in Treatise of Human Nature. In this book, Hume, on the one hand, criticizes moral egoistic theories intensely and thus shows ethics cannot be existed unless altruism has been antecedently presupposed. On the other hand, he maintains certain moral virtues (artificial virtues) as justice, has arisen due to self-love motive and protection of private possession right; and is recognized as virtue only on the passage of time. In this article, we want to show that Hume in Treatise of Human Nature and in his second moral work namely An Inquiry Concerning Principles of Morals, with different versions, how attempt to show that this two opinion are not contradiction with each other. Eventually, we explain which Hume`s version in inquiry concerning Principle of Morals is more coherent and more consistent with Hume`s principals of philosophy