نویسنده: افضل طوسی، عفت السادات*؛ طاهری، محبوبه؛ نوذری، حسینعلی؛
چکیده: ازجمله مشخصه های معاصرترین شکل هنر در جوامع پست مدرن، هجمه و حضور موضوعات سیاسی و اجتماعی است. اگر دوران پستمدرن را مفهومی تاریخی-جامعه‌شناختی بعد از مدرنیسم بدانیم، توجه به جایگاه قدرت و پراتیک مبارزه سیاسی و اجتماعی از مؤلفه های آن خواهدبود. ارائه و درک اثر هنر پست مدرن که از پیش جمعگرا و عمومی شدهاست، در پروژه های سیاسی و اجتماعی جوامع، به مانند پدیده های خودبیانگر و مداخله جویانه و دارای مانیفست اجتماعی است. ازسویی مطالعات فرهنگی که برخواسته از دستاوردهای نظریه انتقادی مکتب فرانکفورت است، نقشی مهم در بازخوانی انتقادی تحولات دنیای معاصر دارد که جنبه های فرادست و فرودست را با رابطه دیالکتیکی قرائت می کند؛ بنابراین به نظرمیرسد خوانش این جنبه متضاد، توجه به پارادایم و صورت بندی پست مدرنیسم را می طلبد که با درآمیختن با بافت اجتماعی پدیده ها و تاختن به نظامهای قدرت، واقعیت تجربه به حاشیه رانندشدگان را در ساخت اجتماعی به نمایش میگذارد. پژوهش حاضر با جمع آوری منابع کتابخانه ای و روش تحقیق توصیفی-تحلیلی و به صورت کیفی، هدف بازتعریف عدالت اجتماعی در دو نمونه چیدمان و پرفرمنس با رویکرد انتقادی مطالعات فرهنگی را دنبال می کند. نتیجه آنکه طیفی از مداخلات و انتقاد در بطن هنر پست مدرن، آرمان جمعی عدالتخواهی را دنبال میکند که بازنگری در پارادوکس های اجتماعی مدرنیته بوده که بر طرد هویت های جنسی و اقلیتهای قومیتی و… متمرکز است و دوگانه فرادست و فرودست در خوانش مطالعات فرهنگی را به نمایش میگذارد.
منبع: هنرهای زیبا – هنرهای تجسمی بهار 1401 – شماره 89 (12 صفحه – از 17 تا 28 )
دانلود مقاله 
10.22059/jfava.2021.304007.666490
Redefinition of social justice in postmodern art based on cultural studies critical approach (case of discrimination Shibboleth installation art and Domestic Tension performance art)
Author: Afzaltousi, Effatolsadat*; Taheri, Mahboubeh; Nowzari, Hossein-Ali;
Abstract: During different ages, art has always been a part of the human evolution and enhanced the social awareness over or in line with social changes. Emerged from modernism and in reaction to modernity in equality and differences at all sections, postmodernism provided a social basis for critical positions growth against the social domination, power manifestation in culture and modern life experience. One of the most contemporary forms of the art in postmodern societies is an approach with sociopolitical interventions. If the postmodern era was considered a historical-sociological concept in the historical age after modernism, the sociopolitical struggle practice is one of its main features. This form of art is pre-collective form and is of self-representing aspect like social manifests as main players of the social projects. On the one hand, cultural studies resulted from achievements of Frankfort School critical theory in postmodernity plays an important role in revising the political, cultural, social, scientific and art changes in contemporary world which read the upstream and downstream aspects with dialectic relations. Cultural studies focused on power structures and cultural texts such as meaningful culture artifacts using a concentrating method in line with postmodern populism and tendency toward the Frankfort school critical theory. Hence, postmodern art as a riot against modern art rules became the cultural text by change of position, subjectivity, how the work is implemented and change of audience place from passive to active one. Selecting social and political subjects, this art was interested in by cultural studies; in fact, methodological reading of cultural studies took into consideration the sociological aspects of the contemporary art which has been in deep link with cultural politics elements since 1990. Judgment on these aspects needs a model to determine their manifestations. Hence, justice theory formation by John Rawls focuses on freedom and social equality principles and addressing the justice theory at this age means a framework for explaining the cultural studies following which it is helpful in reading the social art works contents of this age. Accordingly, by library information collecting and selecting the images from internet and using descriptive-analytic methodology, aims to recognize the plurality idea in conceptualization of social justices based on art trends (not absolutely) in Shibboleth and domestic tension in postmodern era which is formed as a social action and changes the place of visitor to and experiences audience who receives the artwork in discriminatory place. The result implied that a spectrum of strategic interventions is proposed in postmodern art criticism and revision discourse. Collective aspiration seeks freedom and justice which in fact are revision of social paradoxes in modernity and mostly refer to the rejection of identities like ethnical minorities.Art subject is also a practical entity built in interaction with sociopolitical factors and conditions insisting on contemporary human’s responsibility and subjectivity in social form. Therefore, defining the postmodern and justices in this age, cultural studies and postmodern art, this study explains the sociopolitical art sample in contemporary Shibboleth and domestic tension in discrimination related to the art activism.
