نویسنده: بزرگمهری، مجید* ؛
چکیده: ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﺤﺮﻳﻦ، ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺘﻲ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ65 ﺗﺎ70 و ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﭘﺎره ای آﻣﺎر، ﺗﺎ76 درﺻﺪ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ این ﻛـﺸﻮر را ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲ دﻫﻨﺪ وﻟﻲ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺣﺎﻛﻢ از اﻫﻞ ﺳﻨﺖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﺷـﻴﺦ ﻋﻴـﺴﻲ آل ﺧﻠﻴﻔـﻪ و ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻘﺎم ﻫﺎی ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ، از اﻫﻞ ﺳﻨﺖ ﺑﻮده، وزﻧﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﻪ ﺷـﻴﻌﻲ در ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺳﻴﺎﺳـﻲاﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر ﻧﺎدﻳﺪه ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. روﻳﻜﺮد دوﻟﺖ ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺤﺮﻳﻦ در ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ و ﺣـﺎل ﺑـﻪ ﺣﺎﺷـﻴﻪ راﻧـﺪن ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﻪ ﺷﻴﻌﻲ در ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎی اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ و دورﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ از ﻣﺮاﺟـﻊ اﻗﺘـﺪار ﺳﻴﺎﺳـﻲ، اﻣﻨﻴﺘـﻲ، اﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﻲ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﭘﺮﺳﺶ اﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﺎ درراﺳﺘﺎی ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻲ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎه ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﻴﻌﻲ در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻗـﺪرت ﻛـﺸﻮر ﺑﺤـﺮﻳﻦ و روﻳﻜﺮد ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺾ آﻣﻴﺰ دوﻟﺖ، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﻌﻴﺎن ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ اﺳﺖ؛ در اﻳﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻞ ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ و ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎی ﻛﻤﻲ و ﻛﻴﻔﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻧﻪ، ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﻌـﺪاد ﺳـﻜﻨﻪ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ، وﺿﻌﻴﺖ آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻼت و ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼت اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه ازﺳﻮی دوﻟﺖ ﺑـﺮای ﺷـﻴﻌﻴﺎن،آزادی ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻲ و اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﺮاﺳﻢ ﻋﺒﺎدی، ﻋﺪم ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺾ در ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎی آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ اﻫﻞ ﺳﻨﺖ و ﺷـﻴﻌﻪ در ﻧﻈﺎم آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ ﺑﺤﺮﻳﻦ، ﻣﻴﺰان ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ وزﻧﻪ ﺷﻴﻌﻴﺎن در ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﺑﺤﺮﻳﻦ، ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ و ﻓﺮﺻﺖﻫﺎی اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی ﺑﻪ وﻳﮋه ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ اﺷﺘﻐﺎل و ﻣﻴﺰان ﺣﻀﻮر ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺷﻴﻌﻴﺎن در ﻣﻨﺎﺻﺐ اداری و ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. درﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ، ﺑﻪ وﻳﮋه ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ، وﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﻧﻬﺎد دوﻟﺖ ﺗﻠﻘﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد، ﺑﻪ ﺿﺮورت، ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺣﺎﻛﻢ در ﺑﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ درراﺳﺘﺎی ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﺮای ﻫﻤﻪ اﻗﺸﺎر، ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮص ﺑﺨـﺶ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺷﻴﻌﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﮔﺎم ﺑﺮدارد. ﻋﺪم ﺗﻼش دوﻟﺖ ﺣﺎﻛﻢ و روﻳﻜﺮد ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺾ آﻣﻴﺰش، دﻟﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪن ﻣﺸﺮوﻋﻴﺖ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب می ﺷﻮد.
منبع: جامعه شناسی سیاسی جهان اسلام بهار و تابستان 1395، سال چهارم – شماره 1 ، علمی-پژوهشی (وزارت علوم/ISC (22 صفحه – از 43 تا 64 )
Bahrain’s Shia community and its social weight in the power structure Lack of social justice and inequality
Author: Majid, Bozorgmehri*
Abstract: Present estimates place Bahrain’s population at approximately 70% Shia and 30% Sunni, with other religious groups dominating the marginal percentages. The reign of the al-Khalifa family has largely been characterized by a discrimination against the shia. Many Shia still regard the al-Khalifa family as conquerors, and resent the government’s marginalization of their voice and power within society. On the other side, the al-Khalifa government has typically discriminated against the Shia in the country, oftentimes to the benefit of those citizens and residents that share their faith. Discrimination against Shiites in Bahrain goes back to long decades and this has been confirmed in international reports and by international rights organizations. Through this paper, based on documents, Shiites status concerning their economic and cultural conditions is evaluated. All human Rights problems, failure of accountability and impunity are because of structural problem in the political system in Bahrain. This is because the executive and legislative powers, judiciary, security and national wealth are in the hands of the king and his family